The US is hurtling towards a government shutdown on Tuesday night, and there appears to be little appetite on either side of the partisan divide to avoid it.

A last-ditch meeting between President Donald Trump and Democratic leaders in Congress made little progress. If anything, both sides have been digging deeper into their positions.

I think we're headed to a shutdown because the Democrats won't do the right thing, Vice President JD Vance told reporters after the meeting at the White House. You don't put a gun to the American people's head and say, 'Unless you do exactly what Senate and House Democrats want you to do, we're going to shut down your government'.

Democratic Senate leader Chuck Schumer said there were still very large differences between his party and the White House. No one sounded optimistic.

These positions hardened further on Monday night after Trump posted an AI video mocking the Democratic leadership. The video depicted House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries dressed in a sombrero and a fake moustache, and Schumer in an artificial voice suggesting that undocumented migrants should receive free healthcare. Both men responded angrily, with Jeffries calling it bigotry.

In terms of the substantive demands from each side, Republicans want a short-term extension of current spending levels – essentially kicking the legislative can a bit farther down the road. They're content with the current trajectory, particularly since the Trump administration has been implementing spending cuts on its own, without the help of congressional budget-setters.

Democrats, however, want that practice to end. They're questioning the point of negotiating spending-level agreements if Trump will just disregard them. Additionally, Democrats seek a firm agreement to renew government health insurance subsidies for low-income individuals that are set to expire at the end of the year – a point on which Republicans have been reluctant to budge.

Ultimately, these negotiating positions underscore a deeper political struggle, not only over budgets but also over the governance of the country itself. Both Republicans and Democrats are weighing the public consequences of a shutdown while navigating their party bases' demands.

The most recent government shutdown, during Trump's first term, lasted 35 days, setting a record as the longest in American history. As both sides prepare for a possible showdown, the stakes for vulnerable populations and essential services remain alarmingly high.