The Trump administration has formally announced an investigation into what it describes as Brazil's "unfair" trading practices that may disadvantage American commerce. The investigation will scrutinize policies by the Brazilian government that relate specifically to digital trade, electronic payment services, and various tariff structures, including accused preferential tariffs and anti-corruption measures.

U.S. Trade Representative Jamieson Greer, acting under Trump's directive, highlighted concerns about Brazil's adverse treatment of American companies, which he claims are "unreasonable or discriminatory." The investigation will specifically target Brazil’s alleged attempts to restrict U.S. businesses in the digital space and could involve actions in response to what the U.S. sees as harmful trade practices, such as the imposition of lower tariffs for Brazil's other trading partners.

This trade investigation follows Trump’s public appeal to Brazilian authorities to cease pursuing legal actions against former President Jair Bolsonaro, which he described as a "witch hunt." The tensions between the two nations have escalated recently, as Trump threatened to implement a hefty 50% tariff on Brazilian imports starting August 1. In retaliation, Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva stated that Brazil would respond with corresponding tariff increases.

American businesses have raised concerns about the constraints placed on them by Brazilian policies, particularly around censorship in digital trading and the enforcement of intellectual property rights. The U.S. government argues that such practices jeopardize American workers tied to innovation-driven sectors, diminishing their competitive edge in international markets.

In 2024, trade between the U.S. and Brazil was valued at approximately $90 billion, with the U.S. enjoying a surplus with Brazil of $7.4 billion, marking a significant increase from the previous year. As this investigation unfolds, it raises questions about the future of U.S.-Brazil relations and its broader implications in the geopolitical landscape.