Ecuadoreans have voted against allowing the return of foreign military bases in the country, frustrating US hopes of expanding its presence in the Eastern Pacific region.
The referendum result is a blow to Ecuador's President Daniel Noboa, who had campaigned to change the constitution in order to reverse a ban that the country's legislature passed in 2008.
He said it would help fight organised crime and reduce the soaring violence the country has seen in recent years, during which it has become one of the world's biggest drug-trafficking hotspots.
While Ecuador does not produce cocaine, its huge ports and proximity to Colombia and Peru—where large quantities of the drug are made—make it a desirable and lucrative location for drug-trafficking gangs. According to Noboa, about 70% of the world's cocaine passes through Ecuador.
His presidency has been marked by a tough military crackdown on criminal gangs, including putting armed soldiers on the streets. Supporters claim this has helped combat crime, while critics argue it has led to authoritarian tactics.
Noboa reacted by saying he would 'respect' the outcome of the vote. On the day of the referendum, the leader of one of Ecuador's biggest drug-trafficking gangs, Los Lobos, was captured by police, emphasizing the ongoing challenges the country faces.
This referendum also addressed broader political reforms, such as public funding for political parties and the size of Congress, which were similarly rejected. Critics expressed concern that such changes could weaken government checks and balances.
